How does malaria evade the immune system

This process allows the parasite to travel undetected as it moves between red blood cells, which is when it is vulnerable to the immune system.

Read the abstract. Malaria kills roughly 1. Our results suggest that targeting this mechanism could be an effective approach in the development of novel antimalarial drugs. Materials provided by eLife. Note: Content may be edited for style and length. Science News. Story Source: Materials provided by eLife. ScienceDaily, 18 February How malaria detects and shields itself from approaching immune cells: New insight on how malaria cells shield themselves from destruction opens avenues for the development of novel antimalarial drugs.

Retrieved November 11, from www. With about a billion parasites living inside a typical infected human, there is huge potential for the parasite to create new, recombined var genes inside each person with malaria. By learning the genetic tricks that the parasite uses to evade the human immune system, we will be in a much better position to eliminate this deadly disease. Skip to main content.

Published 25 Mar Abstract Malaria causes approximately million cases and thousand deaths annually. Introduction Malaria is one of the most important infectious diseases in the world, and it has been recognized as the most widespread infection in tropical and subtropical areas with high rate of morbidity and mortality [ 1 ].

Immune Response to P. Physical Barriers It is the first line of defense of Anopheles mosquito to P. Humoral Immune Response Complement-like or thioester-containing protein TEP 1 that circulates in the Anopheles mosquito hemolymph is the major arm of defense in the humoral immune response of Anopheles mosquito [ 14 ]. Cellular Immune Response The primary immune cells involved in mosquito innate immune response are hemocytes [ 20 ].

Skin as Physical Barrier The skin is the first critical physical barrier and acts as first line of defense against many pathogens and is also true for P. Immune Response to Preerythrocytic-Stage Parasites Immune response at the preerythrocytic stage is targeted on free sporozoites and infected hepatocytes.

Immune Response against Gametocyte Antibodies kill gametocyte through complement-mediated lysis and prevent sequestration and maturation of gametocytes in the host.

Immune Evasion 3. Immune Evasion Mechanisms of P. Immune Evasion in Human 3. Intraerythrocytic Immune Evasion The success of evasion depends on merozoites and infected red blood cell iRBC surface proteins. Immune Evasion by Merozoites The mechanisms used for merozoite evasion include antigenic proteins. Evading Mechanisms of Gametocytes Antibodies are also enhancing transmission to the mosquito [ 19 ].

Conclusions This review manly focused on the evasion, invasion, and immune response mechanisms of P. Data Availability Data will not be shared, because it is indicated in the references. Conflicts of Interest The author declares that he has no competing interests.

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