It is mayhem here, and that's an understatement, with all these children, some get lost, some are sick, and we can hardly hear each other. We all have a crazy headache. We have just "dined" and we will try to rest a little. We're going to sleep sitting up!
We do not know how long we'll be staying here, in any case for the first day, I'm sick of it, fed up. All I do is cry, I don't believe it helps me in any way, but it is stronger than I am. I think of Armand, he will be more unhappy than I am to know that I am in a camp. And moreover, we know nothing of Sonia, and it's not encouraging. I don't think I can write to my poor Armand, who was used to having a card from me every day.
In all, some 77, Jews living on French territory perished in concentration camps and killing centers —the overwhelming majority of them at Auschwitz. For his prominent role in the deportation of Jews from France, Pierre Laval, formerly the French Prime Minister, was arrested and tried after the liberation of France.
He was shot by firing squad on 15 October Helmut Knochen, sentenced by a British court to 21 years in prison for a separate offense, was sentenced to death by a French court in The sentence was commuted to life imprisonment, and Knochen was released on orders of French President Charles de Gaulle in November In , French justice authorities in Paris indicted Bousquet for his participation in the deportation of Jews from France.
Christian Didier, a mentally ill individual, assassinated Bousquet in his home in Paris on June 8, , before proceedings could take place. It failed to keep its word and delivered those under its protection to their executioners. Klarsfeld, Serge. Paris: Fayard, New York: Hill and Wang, Paris: Editions Robert Laffont, Paxton, Robert O.
Columbia University Press, We would like to thank Crown Family Philanthropies and the Abe and Ida Cooper Foundation for supporting the ongoing work to create content and resources for the Holocaust Encyclopedia.
View the list of all donors. Trending keywords:. Featured Content. Tags Find topics of interest and explore encyclopedia content related to those topics. Browse A-Z Find articles, photos, maps, films, and more listed alphabetically. Sarah Lichtsztejn-Montard, then 14, managed to escape. For a long time, Sarah Lichtsztejn-Montard had the same nightmare.
It gave off a glaucous light and the people who sat there had a greenish look about them. These faceless bodies still haunt her. In Sarah was just 14 years old. The Polish-born teenager lived with her mother in a modest apartment in the 20th arrondissement district of Paris.
Her father, Moise, had been arrested in July and sent to the Pithiviers internment camp, from which he had managed to escape. He was hiding in a room in Paris and using false papers. On July 15, Sarah and her classmates were celebrating the last day of school before the summer holidays. That day, a Jewish classmate told her that her parents "knew a police commissioner who told them that he was preparing a massive roundup of women, children and old men.
As soon as she got home, Sarah told her mother, Maria, who refused to believe the rumour. Sarah's mother decided to spend the night keeping watch in a chair. She slipped their meagre savings into her girdle and was set to flee through the kitchen window should anyone come to get them.
At six in the morning, there was a rap at the door. Two French policemen, a plainclothes inspector and a peacekeeper burst into the apartment and ordered them to get their belongings. At the request of the Nazi regime, the French authorities had just launched a massive roundup of Jews in Paris and the suburbs. Some 13, men, women and children were arrested in the space of two days. Maria Lichtsztejn tried to resist, but without success. Until then, I had always thought that grown-ups were always right, but now I knew that was not the case.
She was terrified by what she saw happening in the street. Hundreds of people had been forcibly taken outside the buildings. Parents were completely panic-stricken and looked haggard.
They were holding little children, who were awake, crying, surrounded by policemen. It was a terrible shock. They were then pushed onto a French public bus.
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