Upper division courses in the program include subjects like animal behavior, immunology, marine biology, bioinformatics, organic chemistry, biochemistry, oceanography, and environmental science.
Additionally, students can further concentrate their studies in areas like forensic pathology, forensic toxicology, forensic anthropology, and forensic DNA. These are the type of skills that will make them very marketable in San Diego, and can set them apart in the eyes of graduate schools and employers. With more than , alumni nationwide, NU is dedicated to providing flexible, convenient scheduling options as a way to enable adult learners to mold their college experience around the demands of their daily life.
You can request more program information about the bachelor of science degree in biology on our website or email Dr. Maxwell with any questions. I confirm that the information provided on this form is accurate and complete. The introduction refers to the published scientific work of others and, therefore, requires citations following the style of the journal.
Using the work or ideas of others without proper citation is considered plagiarism. The materials and methods section includes a complete and accurate description of the substances and the techniques used by the researchers to gather data.
The description should be thorough, yet concise, while providing enough information to allow another researcher to repeat the experiment and obtain similar results.
This section will also include information on how measurements were made and what types of calculations and statistical analyses were used to examine raw data. Although the materials and methods section gives an accurate description of the experiments, it does not discuss them.
Journals may require separate results and discussion sections, or it may combine them in one section. If the journal does not allow the combination of both sections, the results section simply narrates the findings without any further interpretation. The results are presented by means of tables or graphs, but no duplicate information should be presented.
In the discussion section, the researcher will interpret the results, describe how variables may be related, and attempt to explain the observations. It is indispensable to conduct an extensive literature search to put the results in the context of previously-published scientific research. Therefore, proper citations are included in this section as well. Finally, the conclusion section summarizes the importance of the experimental findings.
While the scientific paper almost certainly answered one or more scientific questions that were stated, any good research should lead to more questions.
A well-written scientific paper leaves doors open for the researcher and others to continue and expand on the findings. Review articles do not follow the IMRAD format because they do not present original scientific findings or primary literature. Instead, they summarize and comment on findings that were published as primary literature. They typically include extensive reference sections. The field of biology can be divided into various branches and subdisciplines, which leads to careers that result in more focused fields.
The scope of biology is broad and therefore contains many branches and subdisciplines. Biologists may pursue one of those subdisciplines and work in a more focused field. The biological branches are divided according to the focus of the discipline and can even be divided based on the types of techniques and tools used to study that specific focus. However, with the increasing amount of basic biological information growing due to advances in technology and databases, there is often cross-discipline and collaboration between branches.
For instance, molecular biology and biochemistry study biological processes at the molecular and chemical level, respectively, including interactions among molecules such as DNA, RNA, and proteins, as well as the way they are regulated. Microbiology, the study of microorganisms, is the study of the structure and function of single-celled organisms. It is quite a broad branch itself, and depending on the subject of study, there are also microbial physiologists, ecologists, and geneticists, among others.
Forensic science is the application of science to answer questions related to the law. Biologists as well as chemists and biochemists can be forensic scientists. Forensic scientists provide scientific evidence for use in courts, and their job involves examining trace materials associated with crimes.
Their job activities are primarily related to crimes against people such as murder, rape, and assault. Their work involves analyzing samples such as hair, blood, and other body fluids, including the processing of DNA found in many different environments and materials associated with the crime scenes.
Another field of biological study, neurobiology, is the study of the nervous system, and although it is considered a branch of biology, it is also recognized as an interdisciplinary field of study known as neuroscience. Because of its interdisciplinary nature, this subdiscipline focuses on different functions of the nervous system using molecular, cellular, developmental, medical, and computational approaches. Biologists can also specialize as biotechnologists, ecologists, or physiologists.
This is just a small sample of the many fields that biologists can pursue. Biology is the culmination of the achievements of the natural sciences from their inception to today. Excitingly, it is the cradle of emerging sciences such as the biology of brain activity, genetic engineering of custom organisms, and the biology of evolution that uses the laboratory tools of molecular biology to retrace the earliest stages of life on earth.
A scan of news headlines—whether reporting on immunizations, a newly discovered species, sports doping, or a genetically-modified food—demonstrates the way biology is active in and important to our everyday world. Privacy Policy. Skip to main content. The Study of Life.
Search for:. The Science of Biology. Introduction to the Study of Biology Biology is the study of life and living things through rigorously-tested and peer-reviewed scientific research methods. Learning Objectives Describe the field of biological science. Key Takeaways Key Points Biology has evolved as a field of science since it was first studied in ancient civilizations, although modern biology is a relatively recent field.
Science is a process that requires the testing of ideas using evidence gathered from the natural world. Science is iterative in nature and involves critical thinking, careful data collection, rigorous peer review, and the communication of results.
Science also refers to the body of knowledge produced by scientific investigation. Key Terms pseudoscience : Any belief purported to be scientific or supported by science that is not a product of scientific investigation. Biology : A natural science concerned with the study of life and living organisms. Science and Pseudoscience Science is a process for learning about the natural world. Scientific Reasoning Science is knowledge obtained from logical inferences and deductive experimentation that attempts to comprehend nature.
Learning Objectives Compare and contrast theories and hypotheses. A theory is an explanation for a set of observations or phenomena that is supported by extensive research and that can be used as the basis for further research. Inductive reasoning draws on observations to infer logical conclusions based on the evidence. Deductive reasoning is hypothesis-based logical reasoning that deduces conclusions from test results. The Scientific Method The scientific method is a process by which observations are questioned; hypotheses are created and tested; and the results are analyzed.
What Makes Us Human? Stem cell researchers have now found a previously overlooked The researchers hypothesize that a lower channel density may have A research team has established their global geographic distribution using DNA data and a probabilistic model. Researchers have shown that it is possible to identify individual proteins with single-amino acid Owners may be underestimating their dog's Some major examples of crops with these so-called 'transgenes' include Reducing the Cost of Plant Improvement.
Print Email Share. Most Popular Stories. Just a Game? Additionally, many biological products are regulated for medical science and research use. Among these, blood and blood components, human tissue, monoclonal antibodies and proteins such as enzymes and growth factors all contribute to vital research for new medicines.
Biology is far more than a school subject; it aids in making life better for everyone on Earth. She spent nine years working in laboratory and clinical research. A lifelong writer, Dianne is also a content manager and science fiction and fantasy novelist.
Dianne features science as well as writing topics on her website, jdiannedotson. Types of Monomers. What Is Mutton Tallow? Biotechnology Project Ideas. A List of Natural Resources for Kids.
Things Made From Rubber. List of Things Dr. George Carver Invented With Peanuts. What Are Oak Trees Used for? The Function of Macromolecules. The Parts of a Yeast Cell.
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